8W1E

Each of the 8 wells contains a single circular 250μm diameter active electrode. Each well has a substrate area of 0.8 cm^2 and a maximum volume of 600μL. On average, with a confluent cell layer, approximately 50 to 100 cells will be measured by the electrode, but even a single cell can be observed.

Potential uses include:

•Cell migration measurements via automated wound healing.

•Studying the effects of agents upon cell motions (micromotion) and cell morphology.

•Exceptional signal to noise ratio allows studies of very sparse cultures (including single cells).

•The single electrode is ideal for correlated microscopy and ECIS experiments.

8W10E

Each of the 8 wells contains ten circular 250 μm diameter active electrodes connected in parallel on a common gold pad. Each well has a substrate area of 0.8 cm^2 and a maximum volume of 600 μL. On average, with a confluent cell layer, approximately 500 to 1000 cells will be measured by the electrodes.

Potential uses include:

•Recording the activities of more cells over a larger region of the substrate.

•Studying the effects of agents upon overall morphology changes.

•Reducing fluctuations in impedance due to cell micromotion that may obscure subtle changes in impedance.

•Cell migration via automated wound healing is normally possible, providing an average of 10 identical wounds.

8W10E+

Each of the 8 wells has two sets of 20 circular 250 μm diameter active electrodes located on inter-digitated fingers to provide measurements of cells upon a total of 40 electrodes. Each well has a substrate area of 0.8 cm^2 and a maximum volume of 600 μL. On average, with a confluent layer, approximately 2000 to 4000 cells will be measured by the electrodes.

The 10E+ arrays are designed to monitor larger numbers of cells, sampling over the entire bottom of the well. Because of the relatively high number of cells, impedance fluctuations due to micromotion are smoothed out and do not obscure subtle changes in impedance due to the experimental conditions.

Potential uses include:

•Cell-ECM protein interactions.

•Signal transduction assays.

•Detection of invasion of endothelial cell layers by metastatic cells.

•Barrier function measurements.

•Cell proliferation.

96W1E

Each of the 96 wells in a standard plate configuration contains a single circular 250 μm diameter active electrode. This array has been designed for high throughput
assays and performs in a manner identical to the 8W1E standard array. The array is opaque. Each well has a substrate area of 0.3 cm2 and a maximum volume
of 300 μl. On average, with a confluent layer, approximately 50 to 100 cells will be measured by the electrode.

As with other 1E arrays, the major use of this array is for the ECIS wound-healing assays where the single small electrode assures the high current pulse will result in
complete cell killing.

Only a small population of cells is monitored on the 5 x 10–4 cm2 area of the active electrode. This results in a fluctuating impedance signal due to the randomlike
movement of the cells (micromotion). Hence, this array is particularly useful for studying the impedance fluctuation that changes with the exposure of cells to different conditions (for example cytotoxic compounds).

Potential uses include:

•Cell-ECM protein interactions.

•Signal transduction assays.

•Detection of invasion of endothelial cell layers by metastatic cells.

•Barrier function measurements.

•Cell proliferation.

96W10E+

Each of the 96 wells in a standard plate configuration has 20 active electrodes. Electrode are 350 μm in diameter (this diameter gives the same total electrode area as the 8W10E+). Each well has a substrate area of 0.3 cm2 and a maximum volume of 300 μL. On average, a confluent layer of approximately 2000 to 4000 cells will be measured by the electrodes.

The 10E+ arrays are designed to monitor large numbers of cells, sampling over the entire bottom of the well. Because of the relatively high number of cells, impedance fluctuations due to micromotion tend to be smoothed out and do not obscure subtle changes in impedance due to the experimental conditions. This makes these arrays useful for a variety of applications such as:

•Cell-ECM protein interactions.

•Signal transduction assays.

•Detection of invasion of endothelial cell layers by metastatic cells.

•Barrier function measurements.

•Cell proliferation.

8W1EDD

This array is nearly identical to the 8W1E standard array but the active electrodes come in four different diameters (two wells of each size). Diameters are 250, 100,
50 and 25 μm.

Since the number of cells monitored depends upon the active electrode area, these special arrays are used to monitor fewer cells with higher sensitivity.

Each well has a substrate area of 0.8 cm^2 and a maximum volume of 600 μL.

8W2x1E (Medusa*)

Each well in this array has two independent single 250 μm diameter active electrodes.The Medusa array is useful for duplicating readings in the same well or to wound/electroporate one electrode while leaving the other as a control within the same well.

When connected to the array holder only the upper four wells are measured. To use the other four wells, the array is turned around and the contact pads at the other end are connected. Each well has a substrate area of 0.8 cm^2 and a volume of 600 μL, and with a confluent cell layer, approximately 50-100 cells will cover each electrode.

* As the electrode pattern resembles a many headed snake, the name is taken from Greek mythology and the hair of the infamous Gorgon.

ChemoTaxis

This array is used to monitor the movement of cells in response to chemical gradients and is the array used in chemotaxis measurements first described by
Hadjout, N. et al. (2001) Biotechniques 31 (5) 1130. The measuring electrode in this array is a thin gold line* between two registry marks.

Each well has a substrate area of 0.8 cm^2 and a maximum volume of 600 μL. On average, with a confluent layer, approximately 50 to 100 cells will be monitored by the electrode.

*The gold line has the same total area as a 250 μm single circular electrode.

Flow Array

This is a specialized array with 8 active 250 μm diameter electrodes located in the central region at the base of a flow channel measuring 50 mm long, 5 mm in width and 0.4 mm in height.

The flow array is useful for ECIS measurements of cells under perfused conditions or to mimic the shear stress endothelial cells experience in vivo.

The channel has an area of 2.5 cm^2 and a channel volume of 100 μL. On average, a confluent layer of approximately 50 to 100 cells will be monitored by each electrode.

PCB

8W1E Printed Circuit Board (PCB)
& 8W10E Printed Circuit Board (PCB)

This array is similar to the standard 8W1E and 8W10E but uses a printed circuit board as a base layer.

All surfaces are compatible with cell culture as
in the standard array. This economy array is opaque and optical cell observations are limited to reflection microscopy (upper chambers can be removed following ECIS measurements).